flies once they are less gay heavier, more majestic, more serious more aware of their rarity they know from genocide. In my childhood they would happily stick hundreds, perhaps thousands on paper made to kill them they would shut himself
hundreds, perhaps thousands in specially shaped bottles they skating, stamped, passed away hundreds, perhaps thousands they swarmed
they lived. Now they are watching their approach
flies today are not the same as the flies of yesteryear.
Flies (Raymond Queneau) (from the site of the school Rustrel )
In 1927-1928, in the ruins of the ancient capital of Ur English archaeologists find sixteen royal tombs of dignitaries of the dynasty of Ur I (between 2600 and 2400 BCE). the third millennium, Mesopotamia was divided into thirty of city-states. Our is one of them. The foundation of the city is mentioned in the Bible. Our would homeland of Abraham. The site of Ur (Tell el-Mukayyar current) was on full sandy near the Euphrates. On this site, the most extraordinary discovery is the royal tombs are filled with a treasure trove. These burials also give us many details funeral rites of ancient Mesopotamia The city of Ur
The founding of the city dates back to El-Obeid (4500-4000 BCE). It occurs at the time as a village well organized, almost exclusively dedicated to agriculture and livestock. the early third millennium (time protodynastic) southern Mesopotamia, where the predominant culture Sumerian, is studded city-states. Each city is ruled by a sovereign and protected by a deity. The royal dynasties competing for hegemony the region.
Ziggurat of Ur . Mr. Lubinski image
around 2300 BC, King Sargon Semitic founded the kingdom of Akkad, a city further north, and conquered the territory of the Persian Gulf. 150 years later, this empire is collapsing and it Our , under the aegis of the great kings of the Third Dynasty dominating in turn the "land between two rivers " is to say Mesopotamia.
Our will remain for two centuries a place of worship important moon god Nanna. The ziggurat (or ziggurat) of Ur was part of the temple of the god of the moon. It included probably three floors. Today, there remains only the first level.
Ruins of the city. Danielle Kellogg image
Our reaches its peak, thanks to booming trade. Ships depart from the city to the coast Arab Iran and the Indus Valley.
merchants who came to Our had to cross the immense walls of mud brick. The Euphrates bathed the walls of the city, probably caused by previously channels. We found traces of two ports with docks, warehouses and wharves.
Image Danielle Kellogg
the reign of Ur-Nammu, the city covered an area over 60 hectares and protects a population approximately 24 000 people.
Daily Life at Our
The poorest inhabitants of occupied houses modest while the richest possessed houses with many rooms and even a private chapel.
The furnishings seemed rather summary stool, table, wooden chest. Most people slept on mats although it was found beds. The lighting was done only by the doors.
table game found in a royal tomb of Ur (around 2450 BCE. Birmingham Museum). Image Kevin Saff
The clay tablets engraved allow us to be familiar with daily life Our . Social organization is very hierarchical and egalitarian not, nor between the sexes or between social classes.
The father enjoys a very privileged position to within the family, as the detailed code established by Ur-Nammu and his successors.
The patriarchal social system is all benefits are granted to the man
adulterous woman is killing
A husband may take a second wife
and make children
If a married man does not want his wife
they simply pay money
If a married woman wants to change husband, she is killing
Only children from rich families go to school called home shelves. They had to learn the 600 signs that make up the Sumerian cuneiform. They also taught math and grammar. A "loaded whip" was discipline. Apparently, the whip was widely used judging by a story written by a tablet on Sumerian scholar. From these schools came the austere future scribes from which all the religious and administrative system.
cuneiform. (Baghdad Museum). Image Woodiefi
Children from poorer families working the fields or in the shops from an early age. Sometimes, fathers sold them as slaves. The girls did not receive any schooling.
The women worked mainly in spinning. Wool was one of the most important industries.
artisans were grouped by district and corporation. They were mostly paid in monthly food ration , barley, for example.
At the bottom of the social scale were the slaves prisoners of war, men or children sold debt. But, paradoxically, the slave has a status: he has the right to start a business, own property, to buy his freedom or to marry a free woman.
The Ziggurat of Ur
The sacred enclosure housed workshops, food stores, livestock. These offerings were designed to Nanna.
Ziggurat of Ur . Mr. Lubinski image
There were also royal quarters used for ceremonies.
The ziggurat is based on a base of 60 m by 45. Wide staircases lead from ground floor to temple of the god Nanna Moon.
The royal tombs and funerary rites
Sixteen graves Royal comprise a set of six pits without vault and a vault containing ten graves to one or more chambers . The contents of these burial chambers is incredible.
Headset wig natural alloy of gold and silver. This helmet was worn by kings in battle. (around 2450 BCE. Baghdad Museum). This image Woodiefish
of Queen Puabi, who lived around 2500 BC, housed a wooden chariot decorated with a mosaic of colored stones and pearl white. It is also found a harp carved with a bull's head. The head is made of gold leaf and the fleece was carved in lapis lazuli. The bull symbolized strength and fertility.
ornate harp. (British Museum). Kevin Saff image
caps were exhumed in lapis lazuli, adorned with gold leaf, gold daggers , gaming tables made of square shells, wreaths of leaves gold were symbols of power.
Most of the graves were empty as it had been looted but there remains what has been called "the standard of Ur .
"Etendard" Ur "(circa 2600 BC. British Museum) . Image Seriykotik 1970
This is a mosaic of marine shell, lapis lazuli and carnelian, embedded in a box 45 cm long. This diptych is composed of two panels on one side war and peace on the other.
"Etendard" Ur "(circa 2600 BC. British Museum). Image Seriykotik 1970
The researchers also discovered traces of funerary rites pretty gruesome. Monarchs were buried with others. Kings are surrounded by tanks with donkeys, oxen and coachmen. The "Great Pit of Death" contains 74 victims : 6 armed soldiers, including 4 women and 68 musicians.
Next to each victim, was found a short cut suggesting a death by poisoning, may be voluntary.
Ur, birthplace of Abraham?
"Terah begat Abram, Bahkor and Aran, Aran begot Lot. And Aran died in the presence of Terah, his father, in the country of his birth to Ur of the Chaldeans [...] Terah took Abram his son, and Lot, the son of Aran, his grand-son , and Sarah, his step-daughter, the wife of his son Abram, and they left Ur of the Chaldeans to go into the land of Canaan, and they came to Harran, where they settled "(Genesis XI, 28, 31).
Thus began, from Ur, the migration of the tribe of Terah, which descends the people of Israel.
Part of this tribe, led by Abram down to Canaan, where the patriarch after his covenant with Yahweh , took the name of Abraham, the father of nations. "
IXIe the mid-century, researchers discovered that some scriptures pertained to events and places that existed.
Ornamentation cat found in a royal tomb. Image Brendan Adkins
If the family of Abraham lived in Ur , she did not stay long. Indeed, Abraham is described as a Semitic nomad living in a tent. In 1500 our before, assumed period of transition from Abraham to Our , residents were no longer nomads long ago.
The tribe of Abraham was perhaps one of those who migrated from the deserts of Arabia to more fertile land.
The grandmother takes care of wool: it cards, file, knits, teaches young people. While knitting, she cradled the youngest lying in lou Bret (cradle). It often remains there until a woman goes outside to help her husband. It deals with the soup and children
IT TODAY 7 YEARS his early days she slept in the cradle of wood!
I wondered what use the buttons on the sides cradle! I thought "decor" ... there are on each side And they do for "tying" the baby! Pfff ...
